![]() This leads to the notion that the stem cell niches of ESCs and SSCs are similar. Therefore, it is possible that similar growth conditions might exist in the spermatogenic system that could be replicated to influence initial colony growth in vitro. SSCs expand in the presence of feeder layer cells such as mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells, SIM mouse embryo-derived thioguanine and ouabain resistant STO cells and human embryonic cell-derived fibroblast-like cells (hEFs). Similar studies in other self-renewing tissues have revealed a close interaction of stem cells and stromal cells that constitute the niche. The strongest evidence for niche-based regulation in mammalian tissue probably comes from studies of spermatogenesis. Generally, stem cells reside within a special microenvironment or 'niche', which provides factors that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of the stem cell population. Although earlier studies have shown that SSCs in other animal species, such as the mouse and hamster, can survive and proliferate for a long time, little is known regarding the culture and growth requirements of human SSCs. ![]() The development of techniques for the growth of SSCs and their differentiation into functional spermatozoa in vitro is crucial for clinical application. ![]() However, SSCs are rare in the testis, constituting around 1 in 3 000–4 000 testicular cells. ![]()
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